Wednesday, August 27, 2008

Prejudice Nepalese Medias and Anti-Khas Madhesis

Krishna H. Pushkar

There are accusations against Nepalese Media that Khas dominated media and news agencies are still remained prejudiced towards the Madhes and Madhesis people. A justifiable incident has been observed during the sworn program of newly appointed Ministers of Prachanda’s cabinet on 23rd of August, 2008 at President House of Nepal. In that program most of the newly appointed Ministers of Madhesi Janadhikar Forum (MJF) were sworn into their mother tongue Maithili. However, the majorities propagandists Nepalese Media were frequently reported, the sworn were taken into Hindi by Madhesi ethnic Ministers. Perhaps they wanted to create similar terrible hoo-hahs that were occurred while Vice President Permanendra Jha took sworn into Hindi. However, this time people did not give important to the propaganda of prejudiced Media and news reports.

Now Madhesi people blame to the Khas media men that they have some auto- translatable Hindi version sensor control earphone in their brain which gets automatic active while they appear into any program related to Madhesis fellow. Hence, whatever the languages (Maithili, Bhojpuri or Awadhi) used by Madhesi fellows, the sensor control of reporter’s automatically use to perceive the used languages into Hindi only. Due to this technical problem, the reporters always report through their respective Media that the Madhesi leader only speak and promote Hindi. The prejudiced reporters spared propagandas that Madhesi want to make Nepal as a Sikkim or another state of India by promoting the Hindi language, clothing and Hindi performance in national ceremony. Actually, such claims are totally wrong and it is a consequence of mental disorder of Nepalese prejudiced reporters. Thus, the Nepalese propagandist Media always try to create disorder and battle between Khas and Madhesis people by manipulating such issues. Though, there are no any counter legal actions till now against such propagandists’ Media who spread Maithili version sworn into Hindi, and even more they are keeping continue all types of possible insulations, manipulation and dishonor relating to the issue of Madhes and Madhesis.

Moreover, I do not ignore that some of Madhesis fellows feel more prosperous, prestigious and superior when they present themselves into Hindi version behave and language. Though, it is totally injustice to push all Madhesi people as Hindi friendly. Personally, I am a Madhesi and my mother tongue is Maithili, so I prefer and feel convenient to speak Nepali when I have to speak other than Maithili, it is because Nepali is our national language and better means of communication in Madhes as well as other part of Nepal too. To be honest, nationalization and mainstreaming of Hindi gives bad connotation among Nepalese citizens due to neocolonial grand design of India. Anyway, Madhesis will not agree to lose their mother tongue and promote or accept Hindi as a means of common language of communication in Madhes region at any cost. Moreover, I am also not in favor that Hindi should be established and promoted as second language of Madhesis people. I have read some baseless political claims and manipulated Media reports that Hindi is major means of communication in Madhes and its people, who have other than Nepali mother tongues. It is totally wrong. I and other Madhesis would also prefer to see our own mother tongues such as Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu and Awadhi or Nepali etc as means of communication in Madhes. I think we do not have to find or substitute our mother tongues or national languages by Hindi neither we are forced to import it from India. We are better and comfortable enough with our own languages. In addition, there are facts, the Nepalese media use to translate the Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu & Awadhi etc as Hindi, so people gets angry and compelled to use some times unpopular language and behavior to oppose and keep separate identity from imposed Khas languages and its culture.

There are also problem in Madhesis part that they get suffered from some anti-Nepali language phobic neurosis. Even common Nepali, Madhesi as well as all other indigenous, tribal etc people love to listen or act the official works, statements, speeches, discussions, behaviors or communications things either in their own mother tongue or national language Nepali. However, some top brass Madhesi leaders use to do it in Hindi, I do know why? No one can understand such anxiety, that why do the Madhesi leaders frequently speak Nepali everywhere including in office, interviews, home, radio program and the place of formal- informal communication, routine life -elsewhere and why do they not like to speak or use their mother tongue or national language Nepali while they appear in formal national events or ceremony or places such as sworn, parliaments etc.

Now it is research question to know that why the Nepalese media use Hindi language card against the Madhes- and Madhesi people and why the Madhesi leaders also use same card against Nepali language or Khas people. Khas claims that Madhesis use Hindi just to please Indian authorities and Madhesis claim Hindi as common language of Madhes. Therefore, the issues are really complex. Hence, the Nepalese media and the Madhesis people have to rethink seriously on the language conflict of Nepal. Otherwise, the language violence will be continuing in forthcoming days, if the both parties do not correct themselves properly. Further, nation should also use proper effort to resolve the language chaos urgently.

(Mr. Pushkar is affiliated with Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of Nepal)

Thursday, August 21, 2008

Technical Aspects of Federalism

;+3Lotfsf k|fljlws kIfx?

— s[i0fxl/ k'is/

;+3Lotf M

jt{dfg g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf tyf bnLo 3f]if0ff cg';f/ ;+3Lotfsf] kl/j]z cjwf/0ffut ?kdf ePklg /fHo ;+/rgfsf] Ps k|d'v d'2fsf] ?kdf cu|:yfg k|fKt ul/;s]sf]n] ;+3Lotfdf hfg] jf ghfg] d'2f pk/sf] 5nkmn 6'Ëf] nflu;s]sf] 5 . cjsf] k|d'v d'2f eg]sf] ;+3Lotfsf] j}1flgs / g]kfnsf] df6f] ;'xfp+bf] df]8]nsf] lgdf{0f g} k|d'v x'g'kb{5 . t/ /fHo tyf o;sf :j3f]lift /fhg}lts 7]s]bf/x?n] ;fdfGo k|fljlws u[xsfo{ klg k|efjsf/L ?kdf xfn;Dd yfNg g;Sg' ;j{;fwf/0f ;a}sf] 6fpsf] b'vfO{sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .

;+3Lotf lsg cfjZos 5 <


!= zf;g, ljsf;, ;|f]t ;fwg / cj;/x?sf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf Joj:yfkg / /fHosf ;a} cfofdx?df cfd gful/ssf] ;xh / ;'ne kx'Fr ug{ Pj+ :yfgLos/0f ug{ .

@= ;+ljwfgn] c+lusf/ u/]sf] ;dfj]zLs/0f tyf nf]stflGqs k|hftfGqLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;+3Lotf dfkm{t d"t{?k lbg .

#= cfd gful/ssf] /fHodflysf] :jfldTjsf] cg'e"lt t'ngfTds ?kdf a9f]Q/L ug{ u/fpg .

$= wlg–u/Lj, zx/–ufpF / zf;s–zflzt ju{x?sf] aLrdf /x]sf] 7"nf] vf8n Go"g ug{ .

%= /fHo dflysf] s'g} lglZrt kl/jf/ jf ;+:yfsf] s'zf;g jf Psflwsf/ ;dfKt ug{ .

^= ljleGg hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs tyf ;d;fdlos d'2fx?sf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug{ .

&= /fHo ;+rfngdf cTolws hg;xeflutf a9fpg .

*= :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfng / pkof]u k|efjsf/L ?kdf a9fpg .

(= ljz]if k|sf/sf /fhg}lts tyf If]qLo cfjZostf / :jfy{k"lt{ ug{ .

!)= /fHosf] zf;g Joj:yf ;Gt'lnt ?kdf ljs]Gb|Lt ug{ u/fpg .

;+3Lotf lgdf{0fsf cfwf/x? M


k|zf;sLo tyf ;'/IffTds ;DefJotf,

;|f]t ;fwg / cfosf] k'glj{t/0fsf] ;Gt'ng,

e"uf]n / hg;+Vof tyf s"n ufx{:y pTkfbsTj / ;d[l4Tjsf] ;Gt'ng,

ljsf; ljZn]if0f / k'glj{t/0fsf] ;Gt'ng,

g]kfnsf] kl/j]z ;'xfp+bf] j}b]lzs ;kmn gd"gfx?,

hgcfsf+Iff tyf o;sf k|fljlws kIfx?,

cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf, ;'ljwf / kx'Frsf cfwf/x? .


;+3Lotf lgdf{0f ubf{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs jf ;f+:s[lts, hnjfo' nufotsf ;fdflhs ;lxi0f'tf / ;b\efj vNanfpg] s'g}klg cj}1flgs / åGb lgDTofpg] cg'Tkfbs ;"rsf+sx?nfO{ cfwf/ dflgg' x'Fb}g . lsgls g]kfnsf] s'g} o:tf] If]q, lhNnf jf e]if 5}g hxfF Ps dfq hflt, efiff efifL jf Ps} k|sf/sf] df};dsf] pkl:ylt 5 . g]kfnsf k|foh;f] ;a} efux?df jx'hftLo Pj+ jx'eflifs hg;+Vof 5 . ctM s'g} Ps efiffnfO{ jf hftnfO{ dfq cfwf/ agfP/ ;+3Lotf lgdf{0f ubf{ b]z bL3{sfnLg åGbsf] e'd/Ldf k5{ / cGttf]uTjf /fi6«sf] ljv08g tyf ;fj{ef}d;Qf dfly g} 7"nf] vt/f cfOnfU5 / of] ;+3Lotfsf] k|:tfljt k|of]u k"0f{ ?kdf c;kmn x'g hfG5 .

;fFlrSs} eGg] xf] eg] åGb / ck/fw ug{ 7"nf] hdft jf ;d"x rflx+b}g . olb of] s'g} jx'dt hft hflt jf efiffs} cfwf/df ul/of] eg] cNkdt ;d"xx?sf] klxrfg / k|lti7fdf vnn k'Ug] u/L s'g} b'Zk|of; ePdf cNkdt ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] cl:tTj /Iffsf] gfpFdf ePklg xltof/ p7fpg jfWo x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu Ps dw]z Ps k|b]z lj?4 yf?x? p7\g', r"/]efj/ nfUg' / d';ndfgx?n] cfkm"nfO{ dw];L jf dw]zsf eflifs If]qsf] klxrfg eGbf jflx/ v8f ul/g' cflbnfO{ klg lng ;lsG5 . ctM o;k|sf/sf ljz]if ;+j]bgzLn d'2fdf ;a} kIfx? uDeL/ x'g' kb{5 / ;a} k|sf/sf pkl:yt wd{, hfthflt, efiff efifLnfO{ ;se/ ;Ddfgk"j{s / ;dfg ?kdf :yfg k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 . cflv/ ;+3Lotf Pp6f k|efjsf/L zf;g Joj:yfsf] Pp6f k|0ffnL dfq xf] h;sf] k|d'v w]o eg]sf] gful/snfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs, ;f+:s[lts, k|hftflGqs, cf}Bf]lus, k|fljlws ;DkGgtf k|bfg ug'{ g} xf] .

;+3Lotfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ s] ug]{ <


;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t t'?Gt ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cWoog Pj+ lgdf{0f cfof]usf] u7g u/]/ o; cfof]usf] ;b:ox? v'nf dgf]gogsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ul/g' kb{5 . o;df b'O6f k|d'v ;ldltx? qmdzM /fhg}lts / k|fljlws ;ldltsf] lgdf{0f u/L lj:t[t sfo{ lgb]{lzsf -detail ToR) lbP/ agfpg] / ;f]sf] ;dGjo / ;'kl/j]If0fsf] nflu ;+;bsf] @% bnsf] k|d'vx?sf] Ps pRr:t/Lo ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/L sfdsfh cufl8 a9fpg] .

k|fljlws ;ldltnfO{ ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?;+u k"0f{ ;xof]u / ;Dks{sf] :jtGqtf lbg] .

;+3Lotfsf] cWoogsf] nflu ljleGg zf]wljlw ckgfO{ cfd gful/s tyf o;sf ljz]if1x?af6 /fo ;Nnfx / ;'emfjx? ;+sng ug]{ .

;+3Lotf cWoog cfof]un] # j6f df]8]nx?sf] j[xt ljZn]if0f u/L ;f] dWo] ;jf]{Qd ljsNk / yk @ ljsNk ;lxt l;kmfl/z ug'{kg]{ .

;+3Lotf cWoog cfof]un] /fHo k'g;{+/rgf cfof]u dfkm{t ;+;bdf 5nkmnsf] nflu k|:t't ug]{ / ;efdf kof{Kt 5nkmn u/fO{ k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd k"jf{wf/x? tof/ u/L @ jif{kl5 nfu' x'g]u/L hf/L ug]{ .

tf]lsPsf] @ jif{ cjlwleq /fHosf] /fhg}lts, k|zf;lgs, ;'/IffTds, ljsf;, z}lIfs tyf s"6g}lts ;+/rgfx? l;kmfl/z jdf]lhd qmdzM Joj:yfkg u/L r/0fut ?kdf @ jif{leq ;a} ljBdfg ;+/rgfx?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf ?kfGt/ ug]{ .

;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] k|d'v jfwsx? M


cTolws dfqfdf cJoj;flos tyf k/hLjL ;b:ox?sf] eL8 ;+ljwfg ;efdf x'g' .

/fhg}lts kf6L{ tyf ltgsf g]tfx? ;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rgsf] d]G8]6 ljkl/t ;xdltdf eGbf ;Qfdf]xsf] ul0ftLo v]ndf Jo:t x'g' .

eflifs, hftLo, If]qLo d'2fx?sf] cgfjZos / cJojl:yt ?kdf /fli6«o cv08tf / cl:tTjdf g} vt/f kg]{ u/L jnhkm\tL k|>o kfpg' .

;dfj]zLtGqsf] unt cy{, JofVof / cj}1flgs, cb"/bzL{ ;f]r h:tf b'ef{Uok"0f{ ;f]r /fHodfly xfjL x'g' .

;+3Lotfdf /fHosf] ?kfGt/0f vlr{nf] x'g' / /fHo xfn pwf/f] / lnnfdLk"0f{ cj:yfdf x'g'.

/fHodf å}w tyf jx'k|zf;lgs Joj:yf xfjL x'g', sfg"glxgtf, 5f8fkg / b08lxgtfsf] b'ef{Uok"0f{ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; x'g' .

/fhgLlts kf6L{, tLgsf g]tfx?, pRr kb:y kbflwsf/Lx?, u}/ hjfkmb]xL / xd]zf lhDd]jf/L k~5fpg] hflu/] dfgl;stfaf6 u|l;t x'g' .

/fHosf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf kl/jt{g cj/f]wsx?sf] 7"nf] hdft ;lqmo x'g' .

b]z / hgtfsf] OR5f cfsf+Iff / lxt eGbf ljb]zLx?sf] x:tIf]ksf/L bjfjx? /fHo ;~rfngdf k|>o kfpg' .

b]zdf lj/f]wsf nflu lj/f]wsf] cg'Tkfbs /f]un] /fhgLlt1 nufotsf w]/} lgsfox?df ;+qmldt x'g' .

;+3Lotfsf nflu ;/sf/n] tTsfn rfNg'kg]{ s]xL cfGtl/s sbdx? M


k|To]s dGqfno tyf /fHosf cËx?nfO{ kl/kq u/L ;DalGwt lgsfodf Ps ;d"x÷;ldlt u7g u/L lglZrt ;doleq ;f] dGqfno jf lgsfosf] ;Defljt ;+3Lo ;+/rgf ;DaGwL :j?k l;kmfl/z dfu ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{ zL3| nfu' u/fpg] .

&% lhNnfs} lgjf{rg sfof{nonfO{ :yfgLo Focal Point tf]sL :yfgLo :t/df ljleGg 5nkmn, uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ ;~rfng u/L /fo ;Nnfx Pj+ ljrf/ ;+sng ug{ lglZrt dfkb08 agfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .

;/sf/n] d'Vo ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf Ps k|fljlws ;ldlt u7g u/L s'g s'g lgsfo ;+3Lotfdf hfg] / s'g s'g lgsfo hfg gx'g] -cWofudg, ;}lgs, k|=lh=c=, eG;f/, j}b]lzs ;DaGw, ;Ldf k|zf;g cflb_, s;/L s'g ljlwaf6 hfg] jf/] sfo{of]hgf t}of/ u/L k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ u/fpg nufpg] .

;/sf/n] t'?Gt Gofokflnsf / jf/ Pzf]l;Pzgsf ljz]if1x?sf] Ps cfGtl/s ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/L ;+3Lo ;/sf/ / s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] aLr x'g] ;Defljt ;DaGw, ;Ldfx?, sfo{x?, ;dGjo, lhDd]jf/L, bfloTj, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ OToflbsf] j[xt cWoog ug{ u/fpg] nufpg] .

ljleGg k]zfut ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ klg pgLx?sf] k]zf / sfo{If]q;+u ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf ;DefJo k|:tfljt :j?k / /fo ;Nnfx dfUg z'? ug]{ .

pk/f]Qm 5nkmn ul/Psf] h:t} ;+3Lotf ;DaGwL cfGtl/s k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ kl5 ;+3Lo ;+/rgf /fli6«o cfof]u lgdf{0f x'gf;fy ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 a'emfpg] h'g lglZrt ?kdf ;f] cfof]unfO{ ;xof]uL Pj+ ;/n agfO{ cfof]usf] sfddf 5l/tf]kgf Nofpg ;lsG5 .

plNnlvt ;+3Lotfsf k|fljlws kIfx?nfO{ /fHosf x/]s lgsfo, JolQm tyf kbflwsf/Lx?n] ;+j]bgzLntfsf ;fy lng' kb{5 . ;j{k|yd /fHon] ;a}nfO{ a'emfpg ;Sg' k¥of] ls of] lsg cfjZos 5, o;sf kmfObfx? s] s] 5g\, ;+3Lotfsf] ;Defljt :j?k s:tf] x'G5, o;df s;/L ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . clg tt\ kZrft o;sf] nflu rflxg] k|of;x? ;a} lgsfoaf6 Psd'i6 eO/xg' h?/L 5 . ;+3Lotf lgdf{0fsf] qmddf ;a} /fhg}lts bn OdfGbf/ ePg, ug'{kg]{ sfo{ ;dodf ;Dkfbg ul/Pg / o;sf nflu cfjZos j}1flgs ;"rsf+sx?nfO{ ckgfOPg eg] b]z ;+3Lotfjfb, nf]stfGqLs/0f / ;dfj]zLtGqsf] gfpFdf bL3{sfnLg o'4sf] e'd/Ldf kg]{5 . ctM /fHon] cfGtl/s ?kdf ePklg ;+3Lotf lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfjZos dfqfdf u[xsfo{df tTsfn h'6\g h?/L 5 .

-gf]6M– n]vs zflGt tyf åGb ljifosf] cg';Gwfgstf{ x'g'x'G5 . pxfF g]kfn ;/sf/sf] u[x dGqfno tyf Peace International gfds u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf;+u ;Dj4 JolQm x'g'x'G5_ .

khpushkar@gmail.com

Monday, January 28, 2008

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United States Institute of Peace

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